The 1960s

At Cleveland Clinic, Rupert Turnbull, MD (seen here at right), and Norma Gill, RN (second from left), establish the care and treatment of patients with external stomas.

Bruce Stewart, MD; Ralph Straffon, MD; and Eugene Poutasse, MD, establish a kidney transplant program. Pictured: Dr. Stewart (left) and Dr. Straffon (right) perform a kidney transplant; the team also includes nurse anesthetist Del Portzer (rear left).

The seven-story Education Building is
constructed, made possible by a gift from the estate of philanthropist Martha Holden Jennings.

René Favaloro, MD, pioneers coronary artery bypass surgery, grafting a vein removed from the leg to diseased coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the heart.

Cleveland Clinic opens its first specialized ICU: the Cardiac Constant Care Unit.

Cleveland Clinic performs its first heart transplant, one of the first such operations in the U.S.

The School of Nurse Anesthesia is founded at Cleveland Clinic.

Researcher Harriet Dustan, MD, is among the first to suggest that reducing dietary sodium could lower hypertension.

Carl Wasmuth Jr., MD, LLB, is appointed Chairman of the Board of Governors. He serves until 1976. 

Coronary Club, a support group for patients with cardiovascular disease, is established at Cleveland Clinic. It eventually has chapters nationwide.