THE 1950s
Artificial Intelligence
![black and white image of an older man and a younger man looking at medical equipment](https://magazine.clevelandclinic.org/hs-fs/hubfs/CC%20Magazine/Centennial/1950s/Artificial%20Intelligence/Centennial-ArtificialIntelligence-Wide-2.jpg?width=1030&height=788&name=Centennial-ArtificialIntelligence-Wide-2.jpg)
Photo: Cleveland Clinic Archives
Widely regarded as the father of artificial organs, Willem Kolff, MD, PhD, established the Department of Artificial Organs at Cleveland Clinic. He also launched a dialysis program, invented a heart-lung machine and developed the first artificial heart successfully implanted in a mammal. As Dr. Kolff (above right) — seen here with colleague Tetsuzo Akutsu, MD — liked to say: "If a man can grow a heart, he can build one."